Bajkalsko jezero je jezero rift koje je vrsta jezera koje se formira kroz kontinentalnu koru koja se odvaja. To je najdublje jezero na svijetu sa dubinom od 1.642 metra (5.387 ft). Dno jezera leži 1.186, 5 metara ispod nivoa mora, a ispod jezerskog poda nalazi se 7 kilometar sedimenata koji postavljaju pod rift nekih 8-11 kilometara ispod površine. To je najdublji rascjep na Zemlji i još uvijek nije istražen. Amerikanci i ruski naučnici proučavaju osnovne sedimente i zanimljivo je da svaki sediment sadrži detaljne klimaktičke zapise koji datiraju još od 250.000 godina. To znači da je Bajkalsko jezero jedno od najstarijih ili najstarijih jezera u geološkoj istoriji. Njegova starost procjenjuje se između 25-30 miliona godina. Bajkalsko jezero je takođe bogato biodiverzitetom. 80% životinja koje žive u tom području su endemične i više od 1000 vrsta biljaka uspijeva unutar jezera. Uvršten je na UNESCO-ov popis Svjetske baštine 1996. godine
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