Bajkalsko jezero je pukotinsko jezero koje je vrsta jezera nastalog širenjem kontinentalne kore. To je najdublje jezero na svijetu s dubinom od 1.642 metra (5.387 Stopa). Dno jezera nalazi se 1.186, 5 metara ispod razine mora, a ispod dna jezera nalazi se sloj sedimenta od 7 kilometara, što dno pukotine čini oko 8 do 11 kilometara ispod površine. To je najdublji kvar na Zemlji i još uvijek nije istražen. Američki i ruski znanstvenici proučavaju temeljne sedimente, a zanimljivo je da svaki sediment sadrži detaljne klimatske zapise koji datiraju iz 250.000 godina. To znači da je Bajkalsko jezero jedno od najstarijih ili najstarijih jezera u geološkoj povijesti. Njegova se starost procjenjuje na 25-30 milijuna godina. Jezero Baikal također je bogato biološkom raznolikošću. 80% životinja koje žive na tom području su endemi, a jezero ima više od 1.000 biljnih vrsta. Uvršten je na UNESCO-ov popis svjetske baštine 1996. godine
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